ZmqMessage:

Binary: message content pointer is interpreted as pointer to user type, and assign operator is invoked. This mode is suitable for implementing binary protocols.

Text: message content is interpreted as char array. For string types (see ZMQMESSAGE_STRING_CLASS on string concept definition) we initialize object from char array, for other types we put (>>) chars into stringstream and read stream into instance of type.

How to set:

For Incoming: Use Text and Binary manipulators to switch stream to/from binary mode. Default mode is text.

//read text command and binary integer as value.
std::string command;
int value;
incoming >> ZmqMessage::Text >> command << ZmqMessage::Binary << value;

For iteration over incoming: Call Incoming::begin() method:

std::ostream_iterator<int> out_it(std::cout, ", ");

//print messages with binary integers.
std::copy(
  incoming.begin<int>(true), incoming.end<int>(), out_it);

For insertion into outgoing: You may initialize Outgoing with OutOptions::BINARY_MODE to initially set binary mode, otherwise text mode is set.

ZmqMessage::Outgoing<ZmqMessage::XRouting> outgoing(
  sock, ZmqMessage::OutOptions::NONBLOCK | ZmqMessage::OutOptions::BINARY_MODE);

//then use Text and Binary manipulators:
long id = 1;

outgoing << id //insert binary
  << ZmqMessage::Text //switch to text
  << "SET_VALUE"
  << ZmqMessage::Binary << 999; //again binary

For all: When you need a particular type to be ALWAYS sent/received/iterated in either binary or text form (independent on current stream state), you may use any of two ways for it.

1. Declare your 'binary' types with raw_mark field.

struct SomeBinaryData
{
  typedef void raw_mark;

  int f1;
  char f2[20];
};

2. Declare particular types as 'binary' using ZMQMESSAGE_BINARY_TYPE or as text using ZMQMESSAGE_TEXT_TYPE macros.

struct OtherBinaryData
{
  int aa;
  char[100] data;
};
ZMQMESSAGE_BINARY_TYPE(OtherBinaryData);

//always send/receive 'long' as text.
ZMQMESSAGE_TEXT_TYPE(long);

Actually, these macros create a specialization of traits type ZmqMessage::Private::IsRaw for the type specified.

See example zserialize.cpp for details.

Word on Text and Binary modes

How to set: